XIN JIANG 2

Population
By the end of 2004, Xinjiang's population of 19631100, of which approximately 60.5% minority population. All ethnic groups, the Uygur 8976700, accounting for 45.73 percent of the total population; Han 7802500, or 39.75 percent; Kazak 1381600, or 7.04 percent; Hui 876,300, accounting for 4.46%; Kirgiz nationality 171,200 people , accounting for 0.87%; Mongolian 169,600, accounting for 0.86%; Tajik 43,500 people, Xibe 40,800, 24,100 people Manchu, Uzbek 14,200, 11,300 ethnic Russian, Daur 06,700, Dadaercou 04,700 people and other minorities were 107,900 people.
Climate
Xinjiang far from the sea, surrounded by a mountain barrier, marine moisture difficult to access, a clear continental climate. Changes in the temperature and duration of sunshine (the annual sunshine time of 2,500-3,500 hours), there is little precipitation and air dry. Xinjiang, the average precipitation of 150 millimeters, but the precipitation around a big difference. Precipitation in mountainous areas in northern Xinjiang can reach 500-600 mm, and the southern border of Qiemo, Ruoqiang average only about 10 mm of precipitation, at least for the precipitation area.
In general, winter temperature in northern Xinjiang higher than the southern border, the southern border than the summer temperatures in northern Xinjiang. The coldest month (January), the average temperature in the Junggar Basin to 20 degrees below zero, the northern margin of the basin Fuyun County, the absolute minimum temperatures reached minus 50.15 degrees, the cold one of the regions most. The hottest month (July), the average temperature in the so-called "Fire Island" Turpan is 33 degrees above absolute maximum temperature had reached 49.6 degrees, the highest in the nation. Because most of the Xinjiang region at the turn of spring and summer and autumn and winter, great temperature, so there has always been "an early afternoon wearing wearing coats yarn, Weizhaohuolu eat watermelon," said.

Mountains
Altai northern part of Xinjiang, a southern Kunlun Mountains, Karakorum Mountains and the Altun Mountains. Tianshan Mountain,
As a symbol of the Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang, running through the middle of a southern and northern parts of the Tarim Basin, Junggar Basin. Habits of the Tianshan District south of the southern border, north of the Tianshan Mountains District in northern Xinjiang, Hami, Turpan Basin in Xinjiang called East.
Water Resources
Xinjiang three mountains of snow, glaciers bred Survey for more than 500 rivers, distributed in the south and north of the Tianshan Mountains basin, which is larger Tarim River, Ili, and Irtysh, Manas River, Wulungu Furukawa, Kaidu River, and so more than 20. Many rivers of the two sides have numerous oasis Qianmo countryside, villages and towns the sea, rich "Shilicun Peach million willow" scenery beyond the Great Wall. This is the people of all nationalities in Xinjiang, home to generations of the main base. Xinjiang has many beautiful natural landscape of lakes, a total area of 9,700 square kilometers, accounting for the whole of the total area of more than 0.6 percent, including the famous 10 lakes: Bosten Lake, the Ebinur Lake, Buluntuohai, Eyahe Curry Lake, Sailimu Lake, its lattice A Akkol Lake, Lake whales, Kyrgyzstan of the Lake, Lake Aksay, Aiximan Lake.
Xinjiang in the snowy mountains filled with asbestos, numerous Bingfeng, developed a unique large glaciers, for a total of 1.86 million, a total area of over 24,000 square kilometers, accounting for the 42% of the area of glaciers and ice reserve 258 million cubic meters, Xinjiang is a natural "reservoir solid." Xinjiang is rich in water resources per capita in the nation in the forefront, to be vigorously developed.
Desert desert area of the country's total 2 / 3, which has an area of the Taklimakan Desert 336,700 square km, is China's largest desert, the world's second-largest mobile desert, the Arabian Peninsula after the Lubohali desert. Junggar Basin Gurbantunggut Desert area of 48,000 square kilometers, is China's second largest desert. Xinjiang in the desert and there are rich oil and gas resources and mineral resources.
Religion
Xinjiang is a multi-religious region. Islam is the main religion, Lamaism (Tibetan Buddhism), Buddhists, Protestants, Catholics, Orthodox and the practice of Shamanism, which Islam is the Uygur, Kazak, Hui, Kirgiz, Tajik, Uzbek, Tatar, Salar, Dongxiang, security, and so over 10 National believed. Islam in Xinjiang's social life has a greater influence. Now throughout the whole Islamic mosques and other places of religious activity, including Lamamiao, the Catholic Church, a total of 23,000 multiple fully meet the needs of the masses of believers of all nationalities.
Xinjiang religious organizations mainly Islamic Association, the Institute of Islamic and Buddhist Association. Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, the major colleges and universities are: Shihezi University, Xinjiang University, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Xinjiang Normal University, Xinjiang University of Finance and Economics, University of Tarim.
Xinjiang's recent history
Xinjiang, is the most primitive-call state, Han said the Western Regions, which means China's western frontier, the name emerged in China since the Han Dynasty historical records, was used until the Qing Dynasty unified Xinjiang, renamed after the Xinjiang. Modern Xinjiang archaeological excavations around the data indicate that at the latest Liuqiqiannian ago, the Xinjiang region have been human activity. Ersanqiannian ago in the past about the neolithic period, around the north and south Tianshan Mountains, such as the Hami Sandaoling, QIJIAOJING, Turpan basin Astana, the Chaiwopu Urumqi County, as well as Mulei, Qitai, Ili, the cars, Bachu, Qiemo in Khotan, such as skin Hill appeared to have the remains of human ancestors activities, the stone shapes carved technologies, as well as playing the coexistence of pottery colors, patterns and China's Gansu, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, and other similar manner. Place things in Xinjiang traffic channels, it is very frequent the history of the national movement and contacts, leading to the ancient residents of the Xinjiang complex kinds of clan and ethnic relations. Western Regions in the Central Plains region with a long history of exchanges between the contact. A long time ago, China's silk and silk in the Western Region will be exported to South Asia and Europe, the ancient Greeks called China's "silk States." Along this past, this cross-Channel trade was something that future generations EC for the "Silk Road." China's Ancient History of the Western Regions of the true history of geographic specific records began in the Han dynasty, the same is also the Han Dynasty, the Western Regions in the central government set up local government agencies around the beginning, since the Han Dynasty, the Western Regions in China is already an integral Group Some 10%. To the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, around the north and south Tianshan Mountain is a great socio-economic development. The great cause of reunification of the Western Regions in the Western Han Dynasty from the onslaught Hun began. Hun is of the Qin and Han dynasties in China's northern grasslands activities of the strength and prosperity of nomads, the beginning of the weak, after strong. Xiongnu on the northern region, including the unification of the Western Regions under the end of the nomadic tribes in the region for a long time not all of the EC is divided situation, for the subsequent formation of a national unity created conditions for the situation. Han Wudi Liuche to defeat the Huns, consolidating their rule and decided to "Western Region-to Hun broken right arm, isolated South Qiang, Rushi." For this reason, he sent Zhang Qian to the Western Regions twice mission to strengthen the Western Regions with all of us, to fight against the Huns. Zhang Qian West to the Central Plains region to deepen the understanding of the Western Regions, between two close political and economic ties, expansion of the Han Dynasty in the Western Regions all the political impact of the reunification of the Western Regions in the Han Dynasty created the conditions. Zhang Qian first mission to the Western Regions after the Han Dynasty in 121 BC, General Hequbing loses Zhumu Hexi Corridor in the vicinity of the Xiongnu Gunxiewang off carcasses and Wang, the Han dynasty in this home in Wuwei, two Jiuquan County (after read Wuwei, Zhangye, Jiuquan and Dunhuang Sijun), thus cutting off the Huns with serious procedural, Qiang Chubu ties. Later Han Dynasty Wusun alliance with the Xiongnu more isolated in the Western Regions, in 109 BC, the Han Army generals, such as Zhao broke slaves defeated Western Expedition led his troops in Loulan, regardless Division Western Regions center. 102 years ago, Han Yucheng major attack (this Fergana), the Han Dynasty in the Western Regions to increase the prestige. The following year, the round of the Han Dynasty in the Western Regions and Taiwan, drainage plow, and other places unmanning Dynasty, envoys and XiaoWei command of the home. XiaoWei emissary is the Han Dynasty in the Western Regions of the earliest local officials. BC 60, stationed in the Western Regions, drop by Wang Xian Shan Han, and all north and south Tianshan Mountains are the property of the central government reporting the Han Dynasty. House Xiyudouhu the establishment of the Western Regions all marks and since then we have become a unified multi-ethnic composition of the great motherland. Han dynasty in the political, economic, military, and other aspects of the Western Regions to strengthen relations with the Central Plains region. At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Waiqi for chaos, Wang Mang usurper, the Mainland political instability around the north and south Tianshan a split-separatist state. The early period of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Hun south, the new rule throughout the Western Regions. Year 73, the Eastern Han Dynasty sent Gongfa North Xiongnu army, which will be sinus-solid, such as Dizhong led his troops in the Jiuquan, in the vicinity of the Tianshan Mountains defeated the Huns called PREMIUM OBE, occupied Yiwu (today Hami City). At the same time, the Department of Solid sinus, and then leave the Banchao appointed Sima Shun westbound south of the Tianshan Mountains to recover the lost territory, Banchao its excellent political and military strategists competence, in the Western Regions to help people everywhere, Nanzhengbeizhan, effectively stabilized the Western Regions the political situation, after the closure of Xiyudouhu "as far Hou." Banchao During this period, Hanyang, and others sent to the Year 97 mission Daqin (Eastern Roman Empire), which had arrived in the Persian Gulf missions footprint, the exchanges between east and west link be further developed. Western Han period, as the East-West economic and cultural exchanges spread greatly promote socio-economic promoting the further development of the Western Regions. Western Regions crop flax, broad beans, pomegranate, garlic, grapes, alfalfa, and others were successively introduced the Mainland, Fitch was "Ma" to Yuma, Wusun horses, various fur through the "Silk Road" continue to enter to central China region. At the same time, the original silk and silk in the Western Regions and also imported by the West-Europe. In addition, with the introduction of the camp and soldiers of the Western Regions advanced production tools and experience in agriculture, such as iron Hua, Zhichu tools such as iron and substituting field, there are technical and wells when smelting iron technology. Western Regions crafts, such as pottery making, wool textiles, jade manufacturing techniques both a very high level. Han Han in Xinjiang popular five baht money, as well as money-Hotan coin rest of the region, such as the development of the booming commercial level. Existing grotto murals and large numbers of Chinese records show at the Western Regions in the art of dance music has been a very high level, and to the mainland greatly affected. Wei, Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties period, the Western Regions in the social unrest and the situation of national integration. Sui and Tang Dynasties period of unprecedented prosperity in China's feudal society, prosperous period. Tang Dynasty unified Western Regions, and the establishment of the Western Regions in Anxi Most of the House and the North Chamber for most nursing House, as well as Huihu Movement, during this period of the history of the Western Regions in two major events. During the Northern Song Dynasty, the Western Regions existence of Gaochang Uighur Kingdom, the Kingdom of Hetian, Kala Han Dynasty living side by side in the three local government. To the Southern Song period, in the Kingdom of Hetian into Kala Khan dynasty, but there Xiliao dynasty. 1206, Mongolia khanates established, in 1271, changing the country for the yuan. Most of the Yuan Dynasty in the Western Regions for Genghis Khan's second son Chagatai Fengdi. Ming Dynasty, the Western Regions in East Chagatai Khanate domination. Middle of the Ming Dynasty, for the evolution of East Chagatai Khanate Yeerqiang khanates. Yuan and Ming dynasties, the people of all ethnic groups in the Western Regions to defend and develop the border of the motherland, the economic prosperity of the Western Regions, the development of science and technology culture, and have made remarkable contributions. China's Qing Dynasty unified multi-ethnic country and the development of an unprecedented period of consolidation. The mid-18th century, the Qing dynasty has Pingding aristocracy and the Junggar large and small press and the rebels, the reunification of Xinjiang, and has adopted a series of effective management measures, which is the last of China's northwest frontier defined, Xinjiang and the main national distribution pattern of formation, as well as between the various ethnic groups in Xinjiang, Xinjiang and the Central Plains in the political, economic and cultural ties and exchanges and have had a far-reaching impact. 1771, in the head Oubati Turfutian under the leadership of return to the motherland. Qianlong 24 years (1759), renamed the Western Regions as "Xinjiang" or "Western Region of Xinjiang," the Qing government began in various parts of Xinjiang Government House home, the exercise of the central government all over the north and south of the Tianshan Mountains jurisdiction governance. Xinjiang with the mainland military and political structure basically the same unity of the state and the situation has been further strengthened. 1840 is an important China's modern social boundaries, after the Opium War, Xinjiang and other parts of the motherland, gradually reduced Banbianjianbanshiminde community. And the people of all nationalities in Xinjiang against foreign invasion, opposing separatism and against feudal exploitation of the struggle against oppression more onerous task. Xinjiang with the destiny of the motherland has become closer. After the first Opium War, the increasingly weak Qing Dynasty, China's territory and sovereignty by the imperialist abuses. Located at the northwestern border of Xinjiang by tsarist Russia to embezzle more victims. Tsarist Russia in the completion of the expansion of Siberia after the invasion began eating into our territory. 1860 to 1851, tsarist Russia Sangquanruguo forced the Qing government to sign the "Sino-Russian Beijing Treaty," and the "Sino-Russian collection points around the northwest sector" and the "Sino-Russian trade Yili Daerbaha Taiwan charter." Since the decline of the Qing Dynasty, and even the adjacent Xinjiang Gehan opportunistic annexation of a small country has the ambition of our territory. Some reactionary and Zhuo under the banner of "Jihad" under the 17 million evil, and bring calm to the people in Xinjiang disaster. Yili pretext of tsarist Russia and the peasant uprising and Akubo threat to Russian security forces in the guise of protection and substituting Shou banner openly troops occupied the Ili. Xinjiang is facing the danger of foreign invasion to carve up. After the Qing government in a so-called "defense of Haiphong and Cypriot melon" after the debate, the Northwest defense Health-be new rulers of concern and attention. The first year of Emperor Guangxu (1875), the Shaanxi-Gansu Governor Zuo Zongtang Qincha minister to supervise the handling of the Xinjiang Military Affairs. Jiang Qing militaries to follow the historical trend, received the support of the people of all nationalities in Xinjiang and support. Guangxu three to the end of the Qing militaries have been gradually recovering all the Tianshan Mountains to the south, Akubo swamped by the aggressive regime. Guangxu February 2007, the Qing government envoys have Jize (Zeng Guofan's son) and tsarist Russia after arduous negotiations, several twists and turns, both sides signed the "Sino-Russian Treaty of Yili", the treaty next year tsarist Russia agreed to the withdrawal of the armed forces of Yili, China to reparations and Russia to allow trade is not taxable in Xinjiang, and Turpan Jiayuguan in the Russian consul as a cost. 1882, Yili has finally returned to the embrace of the motherland. Decade of Emperor Guangxu (1884), the Qing government issued the founding of the Xinjiang Shangyu, Jintang Liu was appointed by the governor of Xinjiang. Dihua Zhili will be upgraded to the state House, and military and political center of Xinjiang Urumqi moved from Ili. Israeli government for the implementation of the diversity of the main administrative system to a single system of prefectures and counties conversion, the building Xinjiang into line with the Mainland. On the operation of the Qing Dynasty, Xinjiang, whether it is the scale and scope of history are far better than the past, the unprecedented socio-economic progress and development. 1, the camp guarding the frontier, the cause of Reclamation on an unprecedented scale. 2, immigration and population growth. 3, the development and utilization of mineral resources in the beginning of a new era. 4, a certain business and trade development. 5, the establishment of Cultural Educational Unidertaking. Qing Dynasty entered the 20th century AD, is a dead-end, Qi Shu approaching, the bourgeois revolutionary movement growing. Revolutionary party member in the footsteps of Xinjiang also set foot on the land. October 1911 Wuchang Uprising soon, Xinjiang Liuxiandun revolutionary party member, who plans to Dihua City instigated the intifada. Traitor and betrayed by the failure. The following year, Mrs. Yang Zuan, Pingte people, Huang Li-fu revolution led by the party members in the Yili intifada success. Notices reactionary rule of the Qing Dynasty in the Ili the end. Xuantong Period after the Qing dynasty emperor abdicated because of all the new life Yang by Dudu in Xinjiang, Yang stick used by new means, the revolutionary party members forced a compromise, the Yili led by the bourgeoisie failed uprising. But as all nationalities in Xinjiang Yili uprising in the launch under the influence of the bourgeois revolution aimed at overthrowing the Qing Dynasty, buried feudal autocratic system功不可没the great revolutionary struggle. Yili also inspired the uprising people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang anti-imperialist struggle of enthusiasm and fighting spirit. Yang Yili uprising by the theft of the new results, as Xinjiang Dudu, a dictatorial rule, sub-national manufacturers to implement obscurantism, oppression different views. By the community's opposition. In the 17 years after the rule in Xinjiang, and finally died of the ruling clique of strife. 1928, ignorance of the state following the Xinjiang Dudu Jin Shuren, further deepening social unrest. The end of 1933, Jin Shuren forced to flee. Sinister and cunning successor Dudu warlords Sheng Shicai, he began a 10-year-old reactionary rule. 1933 Xinjiang is the troubled times. Mohammed Yiminhe led to the sudden Que elements attempting to split the ancestors, and undermine national unity, but because people north, a few months after the destruction. Sheng Shicai is a typical reactionary politicians. Management has assumed a positive face of the hypocrisy of Xinjiang, and actively develop ties with the Soviet Union, are trying to use the support of the Soviet Union to maintain its own "Xinjiang Wang" dictatorial position. In some progress and the impact of youth with the help of the Soviet Union, in 1936 formed Sheng Shicai "anti-imperialist, pro-Soviet, Man-ping, honesty, peace, construction," and "six major policies." 1937, the Lugouqiao Incident, the Communist Party of China in order to unite all anti-Japanese forces, Sheng Shicai form with the anti-Japanese national united front. October 1937, Sheng Shicai Dihua agree with my party in the establishment of the Office of the Eighth Route Army, and Teng Yuan director. Subsequently, the CPC Central Committee sent more than 100 party members to work in Xinjiang. Chinese communists in Xinjiang achievements attained so very disturbed Sheng Shicai, 1939 deliberately created friction between poor. 1941 Nazi Germany invaded the Soviet Union launched the war, Sheng Shicai erroneously assessed the situation, open and the Soviet Union, the Chinese Communists complete break. Creating the so-called "conspiracy on April 12 riots." Hunting party members, the brutal killing of Chen Tanqiu, Maozemin, antipyrinyl Road, and other party members, abandoned six major policies, and on the Kuomintang of Chiang Kai-shek. Xinjiang are subject to the reactionary Kuomintang rule, the people of all nationalities living worsening, class conflicts and ethnic conflicts become more and more acute. The deterioration of the political situation in the three districts bred revolutionary storm. Third District revolution in the domestic and international situation is under the influence of the Soviet Union and the support of intellectuals progress under the leadership of the people of all nationalities in Xinjiang and Sheng Shicai opposition Kuomintang reactionary rule of the national liberation movements. (See term three districts revolution) Development
Primitive society period. A book in the Warring States period, the "Book of Mountains and Seas" and "Mutianzi Biography" in the weeks Muyu Kunlun West Tour with the story of the Queen Mother of the West. Xinjiang in the large number of archaeological excavations unearthed pottery, and many of them painted pottery of the pictorial decoration and the Central Plains pottery unearthed in the same period the pictorial decoration of the same or similar. Since 3000, painted pottery unearthed in Xinjiang triangular pattern, vortex pattern, Xianwen, such as pottery and drawing a shape beans, and the painted pottery in Gansu that the arts have affected the painted pottery and cultural development in Xinjiang. Han and Tang Dynasties period. Western Regions in the Han Dynasty reunification, the opening of the Silk Road, resulting in the eastern and western cultures here in the aggregation, large blend, led the Western Regions cultural unprecedented prosperity. Tianshan Mountain grassland in northern nomadic culture, Tianshan rapid development of the southern farming culture. With military and the Han Dynasty immigrants, the Central Plains culture and advanced farming techniques into the Western Regions, formed mainly to the settlement of Han culture culture. At the same time, the Central Plains culture, Indian culture, and culture of Mesopotamia, the Persian culture, and Greek culture, here in Rome and cultural known blend in the use of multilingual text, such as Chinese, Tokharians text, the text in Hetian, Sogdian and others. October 1995 to November, Minfeng Niya Site on the 3rd coffins unearthed colorful woven on the Jinbei "Yuhou a faint, long live to descendants of future generations," Xiao Zhuan characters and patterns; on the 8th coffins unearthed a color gorgeous bag on the Kam Zhuanshu words: "five-star benefit from the East China." Revealed the Han, Jin dynasty period and the Central Plains Niya close political and economic relations. Tang Dynasty poet Censen, Luo Binwang, such as writing Hongliangji the grandeur of the desert, the majestic mountains, strange weather, tragic spectacle expeditions wonderful statements, such as poems, and well-known, long-lasting, called the History of Chinese Literature " Frontier Poems. " With Buddhism along the Silk Road from India into China's mainland and the Western Regions. Buddhist culture, as was the Western Regions of the most important elements. Qiuzi Buddhist home, the Buddhist scriptures translator Kumarajiva speak to the translation of Buddhist scriptures, writings Buddhist scriptures. Dongjin monks learn from the Western Region to India, a "country of Buddhism in mind." Uighur "Maitreya credited with" the birth of China's first drama literature in the Western Regions of the script. Nishi monk Xuan Zang to learn, write "Datang's Western Regions." Turpan region archaeological excavations unearthed large number of Chinese instruments, leases, etc., that before and after the Tang Dynasty in Chinese text Gaochang area in the use of dominant position. Gaochang Qiuzi Grottoes and the Buddhist caves in the content of the frescoes shows that the Chinese and foreign painting techniques wilt and Crafts blend characteristics. Tian Tang Dynasty in Yuchisi Postscript, the monk and his son had spent Yuchisi embossing techniques, the performance of Buddhist figures bird content and the Western Regions, which shocked the Chang'an. Qiuzi music, high Changle, Shule music, and other music in the Sui and Tang Dynasties period occupies an important position. In addition to music, the pipa, Konghou, drums and traditional instruments angle Western Regions also imported the Mainland, and later became the Tang Dynasty music in the main instrument. Western Regions such as dance: Mr Teng dance, Xuanwu Hu, extension sticks dance and the introduction of the Central Plains and the civil court. Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. Caledonia thorn Khan dynasty (9 end of the century one in 1211) period, with the introduction of Islam and the Western Regions gradually expanded, the Islamic culture on the culture of the Western Regions growing. Uygur-renowned scholars who Hashihajifu part of the society and reflect the spirit of the cultural life of the Encyclopedia of Poetry "Happiness wisdom", the famous Mahemudekashen Uygur scholars have embraced in the Turkic language tool "Turkic language Dictionary. Uighur poet Yusufu Ah Chi Chu You Love Narrative Poem "Allison Fu and赛is Alem." Meng Yuan Dynasty famous Matsu Uighur writers often; famous writer Uighur Sanqu consistent marble; Uygur famous agronomist Luming a good "food, clothing Nongsang summary." Chen Cheng Ming Dynasty travel home with a "visit the Western Regions", "Fan country-Western Regions." Kirgiz ethnic folklore excellent representative works, the famous epic "Manas", Mongolian folklore excellent representative works, the famous epic "Jiang Siegel." "Afanti's Story" is produced in Chagatai Khanate period of one representative of folk literature. Yeerqiang khanates period, the Mach FOR infants Ga Ma excluded thorns "the history of Latin America misconduct" and Chu Mu Shamaa thorn thinking of the "Chronicle." Amannishahan collection, sorting, and a series of Uighur "12 Muqam", it is priceless oriental music culture, it's like the Mongolian "Jiang Siegel," Tibetan "Gesar", Kirgiz nationality " Manas "heroic epic, a worldwide impact. With the unification of the Qing Dynasty in Xinjiang, a large number of people entering the Han Shu settled in Tuen Mun Road in Xinjiang, Urumqi Balikun, Qitai area, the Han culture become the mainstay of the local culture. Shaanxi opera, Hebei Bangzi, Xinjiang song arts classes, such as acrobatics She appeared in succession, and quickly constant dissemination of Ji Xiaolan, Lin Zexu, Dailan, Liu E, and so was banishment to Xinjiang, in Xinjiang left many renowned excellent. Near the modern period. Revolution of 1911, the May 4th Movement in the revolutionary spirit and promote the spread of Xinjiang, and promote the cultural development in Xinjiang. War of Resistance against Japan to Chen Tanqiu, Maozemin, antipyrinyl road revolutionary martyr for the representative of the Chinese communists, and people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang in the spread of Marxism-Leninism, publicity on the establishment of the Communist Party of China's democratic united front against Japanese aggression correct position in massive anti-Japanese and national salvation movement, and promote cultural development in Xinjiang at the same time, many progressive cultural figures such as Mao Dun, Du-Yuan, Zhang Zhong is, Zhao Dan, Wang and first in Urumqi progress in the anti-Japanese cultural activities, the organizations Family workers, peasants, teachers, students, staff, the vast number of people, such as businessmen created and performed songs progress of the war, drama, Shaanxi Opera, Beijing Opera, drama programs, such as the Xinjiang song. The people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang have had an extensive and far-reaching impact. The people of all ethnic groups throughout the whole and progressive people, have organized "anti-imperialist" and the national "Cultural Foundation," the nation's progress in various cultural activities. Limutelifu famous patriotic poet to sing the praises of the anti-Japanese struggle to save the great theme of "China" and "reply to the years of" fighting Psalm. National drama "Yun Qian Mu," Uygur drama "Allison Fu and赛is Alem," acrobatics "Dawazi" Kazak Aken "Ballad of Saliha and Samangan," "Aerkaleike" Kirgiz nationality "Manashiai" "Ballad of Manas" theatre arts programs onto the stage one after another. Traditional cultural activities such as ethnic Uighur "Maixi to Fu," Kazak "Eken Ballad", Kirgiz nationality "Kumuzi Ballad", Mongolians "Nadamudahui" Xibe "Movement Festival", the Han people "carnivals" long-lasting, strong ethnic characteristics, for the overwhelming majority of the people of all nationalities loved by the masses, for the beautiful landscape in Xinjiang culture. "One of the world singing rooster, a Wanfang music played in Hetian." After the founding of People's Republic of China, Xinjiang cultural undertakings has undergone enormous changes. Various cultural institutions at all levels, the team, infrastructure construction and gradually formed gradually establish a scale of endangered cultural heritage of peoples to obtain timely rescue excavation, the national traditional culture radiated a new vitality to reflect changes in the era of strong ethnic characteristics, geographical the characteristics of a number of outstanding drama (section) will head onto the stage and screen; the broad masses of people of various ethnic groups involved in the legislature of the rich and varied artistic activities has never been more active; heritage conservation management and display of museum exhibitions have been making considerable progress, "the rural dance" effective national culture to the arts, to the world. Despite the "Cultural Revolution" period of cultural adjustment, but entered the reform, opening up and modernization drive since the new period, as a socialist culture with Chinese characteristics, an important component part of the national culture in Xinjiang ushered in a more brilliant in the spring, more shine their vitality. Xinjiang's ethnic literature and art, mass culture, a library, a heritage museum and cultural arts education, cultural market, and cultural exchanges with foreign countries, and so a rapid development, and embarked on an unprecedented and steady development of all-round prosperity of the road. Xinjiang focus on integrated transport planning
I. Xinjiang integrated transport in the western development to the important role of
(A) Integrated transport is the main channel of the Eurasian continent an important component of the
Xinjiang's unique geographic position, in the western region, even with the main channel and an important window for opening to the outside world. And in the western region, the link between the eastern region, and ensure that the western region, the eastern region of personnel and material exchanges, and is to meet globalization of the world economy and the development trend of foreign economic and continuously expanding needs. Xinjiang is integrated transport in the east, the eastern region, the West Central Asia, the European countries most critical transportation corridor location, transport is the main channel of the Eurasian continent and an important component part.
(B) Integrated transport is out of bounds. Personnel and material exchanges guarantee
Xinjiang is a western region the most resource-rich areas of development and with the large-scale use of resources will inevitably have a lot of resources and transport the finished product from Xinjiang. At the same time, with the improvement of living standards, people will travel more frequently, especially in Xinjiang is a large-scale development of tourist resources, tourists from Xinjiang will substantially increase. Do a good job in building a comprehensive traffic in Xinjiang, Xinjiang will be able to guarantee access to the personnel, material transport more safe, efficient, convenient and comfortable.
(C) Integrated transport is to improve the market environment, the market gathered important elements of the premise
Xinjiang's development must rely on the market, and market and the market must be attractive elements of the environment, both the talent, technology, capital or other factors of production, accumulation and proliferation of transport need to bear, we need to create from transport a good environment. Xinjiang's development must be a modern integrated transport system to support elements gathered in the market and create good conditions.
(D) the implementation of integrated urban transport strategy is the basis of
Urbanization strategy is the development of major initiatives in Xinjiang, a large number of Xinjiang in the small and medium-sized cities and towns, they are the future of Xinjiang new point of economic growth, economic growth and the spread of radiation is Xinjiang's economic and social development to achieve the goal of that city in the geographical on the proliferation and radiation must be transport to be guaranteed. Do a good job in building a comprehensive traffic is to achieve the strategy of urbanization, the basis of promoting the development of Xinjiang.
(5) a comprehensive traffic development is national unity, consolidating frontier defense needs
Promote national unity, safeguarding national border security in the western region of Xinjiang and the development of an important task. Only the development of an integrated transport will promote Xinjiang's economic and social prosperity and improve the living standards of people of all ethnic groups, to achieve social stability and the consolidation of the border.
Second, Xinjiang integrated transport and the status of the main problems
(A) Integrated Transport Situation
1. "9th Five-Year" period, the overall level of equipment and transport capacity markedly improved
-- By the end of 2000, Xinjiang railway line business mileage of 3,006 kilometers (987 km of double-track railway mileage), a total area of domestic passenger train travelling for nine pairs, Urumqi to Aksu 1 tourist train right, through 18 pairs of freight trains, Urumqi to Almaty 1 international train right, the double-track rate than the national average. Xinjiang railway locomotive with a few 289-and the phasing out of a steam locomotive, all of the internal combustion of traction.
-- Traffic mileage of highways has reached 34,600 kilometers, of which National Highway 7, a total of 8,810 km; provincial Route 60, a total of 6,847 km. State provincial highway, a high-speed highway and 227 km, 5,086 km secondary road. Highway access greater capacity initially formed the Urumqi as the center and seven national Route main skeleton, east of Gansu, Qinghai, and the Mainland provinces and autonomous regions to the south Tibet, west, Central Asia, West Asia countries, and in and 60 provincial highways and many county and township roads and passenger and freight transport hub site of the road transport network. Highway total number of civil vehicles 351,700 (of which 165,800 freight cars), a vehicle tend to be reasonable, missing light weight less the situation is greatly changed.
-- Xinjiang Civil Aviation has 11 airports, including flight District 4 E-2 (Urumqi, Kashi), 4 D-2 (Korla, Hetian), 3 C-5 (Aksu, Yining, Altay, Karamay, Tacheng) , 2B-2 (Kuqa, and Qiemo). Routes 59, 12 districts, 40 districts, the international six, the Hong Kong one, the total length of 150,473 km route. Have 21 passenger aircraft, including Il--86-3, Fig -154-five, two of the Boeing 737-300, Boeing 757-200-6, ATR-72 5.
2. "9th Five-Year" period, and production is to build a number of key transport projects, greatly improving the area outside the Route transport capacity
-- Portland double-tracking the completion of the new, long-term constraints and problems associated with the eastern provinces, autonomous regions, long-standing problem, basically resolved the Northern Xinjiang Railway was opened to traffic, communication with the Central Asian countries in the railway transport links, and formed a link the two continents of Asia and Europe international rail transport corridors; the completion of the Southern Xinjiang Railway and the opening of the railway in Xinjiang speed the completion of works, in large measure, has changed the pattern of an integrated transport in Xinjiang.
-- Vomit - Ukraine - Ukraine and the highway - Kui highway was opened to traffic, creating a high-grade highway construction in Xinjiang new situation.
-- Urumqi Airport for a large-scale rehabilitation and expansion of throughput capacity, and the level of service in the district and outside the hub will be markedly improved and strengthened.
3. "9th Five-Year" period, passenger and freight transport volume to a new stage, the contradiction between supply and demand greatly alleviated, constantly improve the level of service
-- By the end of 2000, Xinjiang Railway completed the passenger and cargo passenger and cargo volume, respectively 11464000, 41992000 tons and 97.4 million kilometers, 35.5 billion tonne-kilometres. "Ninth Five-Year" period, the average annual growth of 11.27%, respectively, 8.97% and 10.92%, and 5.17%.
-- Completion of road transport passengers and cargo passenger and cargo volume were 219 million people, 270 million tons and 15.82 billion person kilometers 27.29 billion tonne-kilometres. "Ninth Five-Year" period, the average annual growth rate of 5.50%, respectively, 4.26% and 6.18%, 4.43%.
-- Air Transport completed unloading passengers and cargo turnover reached 1.673 million people, 35,000 tons and 37.2 million kilometers, 098 million kilometers. "Ninth Five-Year" period, the average annual growth of 6.5 per cent, respectively, 11.84% and 4.77%, 13.12%.
(B) Integrated transport the main problems
Although the transportation industry in Xinjiang in recent years great changes have taken place, the initial formation of the railways, highways, civil aviation and other modes of transport component of an integrated transport system, and coastal and developed areas compared to some, there are still big gaps, the construction and development of The task is still arduous. Particularly central to the implementation of the strategy of developing the western region of the decision-making still unable to meet. Xinjiang existing transport infrastructure following main issues:
1. Transport infrastructure is limited in quantity, the situation of the low standard has not been fundamentally changed
2000, road, rail transportation routes for the total length of 37,600 km, 2.3 km per 100 square km, the national level only 1 / 10 after deducting the Gobi, desert area, which is considerably lower than the national average level. Assume autonomous regions in the main mandate of the passenger and freight transport network of highways disease, low-grade, bridges and road capacity low, difficult to adapt to luxury cars and large cars fast running; railway limited in quantity, or the proportion of the entire road network of small, self poor economic benefits, the construction of the heavy task; existing airport, in addition to individual prevailing inadequate facilities, equipment and facilities are simple problems.
2. Route transport pathway inside and outside the region are still rather fragile, still uneven distribution of the transport
Most沿山transport artery in the future, the basin margin zonal distribution, among many, to one-lane access, or lack of parallel streaming circuitous pathway, and the mainland provinces, autonomous regions, the transport links basically only Lan-Xin Railway and State Road 312. Therefore, the region will need to further improve Route transport mobility and support capability, timely construction of a new access road.
3. Long distance, the situation of excessive freight long-standing economic and social development in Xinjiang
Xinjiang is a vast country, far away from the mainland's economic hinterland, the region and outside the region with a long distance transport, the transport of Xinjiang is a prominent characteristic. At the same time, the transport structure is irrational, and a large number of long-distance passenger and freight transport from road transport tariffs high commitment to greatly increase the transportation cost. At current rates to initial estimates, Xinjiang gross domestic product per billion for transportation costs higher than the national average 2 to 3 times.
As long distance transport in Xinjiang, the shortage of funds for construction of traffic, lack of inputs, poor infrastructure, modes of transport structure is irrational, and various industrial and agricultural products resulting high transportation costs and reduce the competitiveness of the market, inhibiting the Xinjiang resource advantages into full play, So traffic is always our region for a long time factors restraining the development of the national economy one.
Third, the transport needs of Xinjiang
(1) affect future passenger and freight transport volume of the main factors
Xinjiang is rich in resources, not only has abundant coal, oil, natural gas and other energy and mineral resources, and China is an important grain, cotton production base, textile base and petroleum and petroleum chemical industry base. At the same time, Xinjiang also has the unique rich tourism resources, with the continuous improvement of people's living standards, Xinjiang's tourism development will be even faster. Development of the western regions the implementation of the strategy for the development of Xinjiang bring more development opportunities and the development and utilization of resources in Xinjiang with the mainland will enable passenger and freight transport volume increasing rapidly.
Developing the western region of Xinjiang and the neighboring countries will allow the economy more complementary, and the personnel and material exchanges will become more frequent, with the neighboring countries in the passenger and freight transport will be a big increase. In addition, following the opening of the Eurasian Continental Bridge, China and the three countries of goods in Xinjiang transit traffic will increase.
With the in-depth development of the western region, Xinjiang's economic and social development will further accelerate the pace of Xinjiang's resources will be constantly developed throughout the city will be based on its own conditions and the advantages and with other regional economic complementarities and development, internal economic relations will be further strengthen the internal market will be more unified and standardized, and circulation of more active throughout the city in Xinjiang between the internal exchange of goods and personnel exchanges will be increased, will promote Xinjiang's internal volume of passenger and cargo transport increased rapidly.
(B) passenger and freight transport demand forecast
1. Passenger traffic demand forecasts
By 2005, Xinjiang's total passenger traffic will reach 311 million people, "15" average annual growth rate of 6.09% during the period. Railway Passenger Transport which amounted to 16.5 million passengers, an average annual increase of 7.5 per cent. Highway passenger transportation volume reached 292 million passengers, an average annual increase of 6%. Civil Aviation passenger traffic reached 2.5 million, an average annual increase of 8.4 per cent.
By 2005, Xinjiang's total passenger transport volume will reach 43.5 billion people kilometres, "15" average annual growth rate of 8.25% during the period. Railway passenger transport volume of 150 million kilometers, with an average annual growth of 9%. Road passenger transport volume reached 22.5 billion person kilometers, an annual increase of 7.3 per cent. Civil Aviation passenger transportation volume of 60 million km, with an average annual growth of 10 per cent.
2. Cargo transport demand forecast
By 2005, Xinjiang's total cargo transport will reach 421 million tons, "15" the average annual growth of 6.2 percent during the period. Of rail cargo transport volume will reach 54.1 million tons, with an average annual growth of 5.2%. Road freight traffic will reach 367 million tons, with an average annual growth of 6.3 per cent. Civil Aviation cargo transport volume will reach 48,000 tons, with an average annual increase of 6.5 percent.
By 2005, the total volume of goods in Xinjiang will reach 86.2 billion tonne-kilometres, "15" during an average annual growth rate of 6.5%. Of rail cargo transport volume will reach 48 billion tonne-kilometres, an annual increase of 6.3 per cent. Road transport of goods turnover will reach 38 billion tonne-kilometres, an average annual increase of 6.7%. Civil Aviation cargo transport volume will reach 200 million tonne-kilometres, an annual increase of 15.3 percent.
Fourth, "10th Five-Year Plan" period Xinjiang integrated transport development objectives and priorities
"10th Five-Year Plan" period, in accordance with the strategic goal of developing the western region, Xinjiang in accordance with the development of a comprehensive traffic, "the national economy and social development of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 10th Five-Year Plan Outline" at the request of the national transport development plan under the guidance of a market economic-oriented and sustainable development is the prerequisite for the development of the western region firmly seize the favorable opportunity to adhere to traffic first, ahead of the principle of moderate to focus on road construction and comprehensively strengthen the railways, civil aviation, construction, and speed up the perfection in Xinjiang , and the eastern region, Jiang Dahai, collaboration between neighboring countries for transportation, strengthening transport hub, as well as major road network construction, Xinjiang realize the coordinated development of a comprehensive traffic.
(1) seize the opportunity of developing the western region for the rapid development of highway traffic to lay a good foundation
"10th Five-Year Plan" period, the building of Xinjiang highway traffic is the main task: focus on the main trunk line to complete the conversion tasks Road, Xinjiang in paragraph 2 above all grades through to the Tianshan northern economic zone of the high-speed sections of the region intensify the Western Highway Route construction investment to enable the Western Corridor highway traffic conditions have improved significantly speed up the transformation of roads, centering on economic lines, poor counties and the National Road Link, Datong County Circuit engineering, road crossings, the main hub and skeleton Highway, Route economy Bridge started on the transformation of rural areas around the major works in progress, traffic constraining rural economic development situation has been eased, and people travel, materials, transportation issues to be resolved. Specific: 216,217,218,312,314,315 to State Line Road and Highway as the main border and accelerate the "three vertical and three horizontal" the formation of the skeleton. Road to the recent construction of 312 lines and 314 lines of a "Y"-type fast-track mainly focus on the main trunk line to State Road Kuitun - Sailimu Lake, Xiaocaohu - Tuokexun, Tuokexun - and the large, and large -- Korla, Korla - Aksu, Aksu - Kashi, and Kashi - its pull-Fu, Korla - Ruoqiang, Burqin - Kuitun, Elm ditch - Karamay, such as highway construction. At the same time make Kashi - Hotan, Balun Taiwan - Korla, Dushanzi - Kuqa, Aksu - Hotan Desert Highway, the road-building and construction preparatory work. In the transformation of roads, to focus efforts on improving the provincial road network density, depth and access road grading and enhance resilience to hazards; completed Datong County Circuit works to improve road conditions, should focus on Emin - Karamay, Mulei - Balikun, Bachu -- Shache, koumenzi - Yiwu, in a tower Well - Qiemo, Zhaosu - Ake vomit Buick, roller-Seoul - Baicheng, Aksu - Awati, and - Xayar, Burqin - JIMUNAI , Burqin - Habahe, 216 fork - Green River, Yuli - Ruoqiang, eight Shuimo - Argentina a surprising Nilka - Jiaoerma such as highway construction. During the "10th Five-Year Plan" period completion of the new, alteration of National and Provincial Highway 4990 km, Xinjiang highway traffic mileage to 40,000 km. Continue to strengthen the construction of county and township roads, and to improve the volume and improve the standard both to "15" at the end of the region to achieve 849 township Automobile, construction, a number of key towns and rural areas rural road, the new county and township roads 6,000 km , the whole county and township road asphalt, cement Pavement rate of 90%. Accelerate the construction and improvement of passenger and freight transport hub, the hub building to Urumqi, with the focus on improving the whole site above the county level passenger facilities, and construction of a number of traffic, the township Terminal equipped with the necessary conditions. Improve the whole highway passenger transport network service system, gradually carry out systematic CMR network services. New passenger and cargo transport station 90,000 square meters. A positive adjustment of vehicles, focusing on increasing the proportion of large vehicles, vigorously develop container transport; development trailer attachment transport; attached great importance to developing Lianjie transport; strengthen road transport infrastructure, thereby effectively enhancing the capacity of Highway Netcom and service levels.
(B) In accordance with the State "expanded to the size of the network, expand internal and external communications, and strengthen technological transformation, and enhance transport capacity, to meet the development needs," and do a good job in railway construction
"10th Five-Year Plan" period, railroad construction in Xinjiang, should focus on the Jinghe to Yining railway, the construction of the railway in Jiwu. Altay ready to Kuitun railways, such as Hotan, Kashi railway to the preparatory work. At the same time, the technological transformation of existing roads through the Lan-Xin Railway Shanshan to Alataw Pass of the expansion of Southern Xinjiang Turpan to Korla line electrification of the transformation, Urumqi hub expansion projects, such as the construction of the new line - comprehensive transportation capacity of 50 million tons more than the new line-western reach 10 million tons, the southern border of the line vomit reach 9 million tons. Rail business mileage to 3,500 kilometers. In the area of transport to achieve rapid. Passenger improving the overall quality and level of passenger transport, it is necessary to strengthen Dunhuang, Hami, Shanshan, Turpan, Korla, Urumqi, the Alataw Pass so in the alteration, improvement of passenger facilities, optimizing operations division of labor, reduce the number of vehicles transit and adaptation, and actively A new buses, and increased the proportion of high-grade buses to improve passenger travelling environment. Second is to increase operational speed of trains travelling Urumqi - Beijing and Urumqi - Shanghai's rapid passenger train, the new Kashi - Shanghai, Kashi - Tianjin, Urumqi - Chongqing, Urumqi - Guangzhou, Urumqi - Nanchang through a total of five pairs of passenger trains (new orchid Line passenger trains operating speed of 140 km / h, and the Southern Xinjiang Railway reached 100 to 120 km / h). Cargo to be completed faster cargo transport system, improving the speed of freight trains running at the same time, to further simplify procedures and cargo transport links, and promote decentralization transportation, the long-term stability of the coal, oil, cotton, mineral and other staple goods, transport of goods through CDB train. We must vigorously develop container transport, with emphasis on the contact points Urumqi container built to Alashankou as the main inland port, connecting Lianyungang (Qingdao) - Alataw Pass container rapid transport links and Urumqi - Almaty international container lines running. In strengthening the services and management, it is necessary to speed up the construction of Railway Information System. Urumqi Railway Bureau, all of the passenger terminal of the computer networking system of pre-established marketing and freight transportation and production command and management system for motorcycles, trucks, containers, trains, real-time tracking management system. And speed up the Internet and linked to the national railway, the railway services to achieve modernization and management tools.
(C) the development of civil aviation will continue to implement to ensure security and coordinated development, and enhancing economic efficiency, deepening reform, expanding opening up, and science and technology policy, such as Societe Generale, speed up the development of the civil aviation industry in Xinjiang
Strive to expand markets, strengthen aviation hub system, rationally adjust and expand the fleet configuration, adaptation and improve facilities, and enhance their own development capacity and international competitiveness. In the construction of the airport, the main perfect Urumqi, Kashi International Airport functions, the new source Nalati new airport, the airport Turpan, Bole Airport, alteration Hotan Airport, the relocation of Korla, Karamay airports, restore Hami airport, the airport to the region 15 . Building in the fleet, in streamlining the fleet, increasing the number of clusters main principles. "15" at the end, plans to have 38 aircraft of various types. Including three wide-body aircraft, the B757-200 aircraft 14, B737-700 aircraft 16, ATR72 aircraft 5. General aviation aircraft to remain in the Fleet 28. In the planning of routes, it is necessary to further increase the intensity of open routes and flights density. We must make full use of international routes in Xinjiang is located in the Asia-Europe Centre geography, and Urumqi to focus on opening up Japan, South Korea, Singapore, Western Europe and other countries, as well as Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Yining, Kashi, Altay, Tacheng to neighboring countries on international routes. To actively adjust domestic routes route structure, increasing the density of flights, the timely opening of Urumqi to the mainland economically developed cities and towns, not-Urumqi flights - Guiyang, Changchun, Hefei, the capital of Hohhot, and other domestic cities and tourist cities in the route. Regional route network to improve services and increase flights density, reasonable arrangements for flights moment. Around Xinjiang in actively open routes to Urumqi opened focus Naladi, Yining to Kashi, Altay to Yining, such as Karamay to Korla region aviation Extension, to adapt to the district and tourism exchanges between the needs of development.
For the realization of "15" integrated transport development goals, need to be invested in infrastructure funds 37.8 billion yuan. Of which: 23 billion yuan in highway construction funds, the main source for the Ministry of car purchase fee, autonomous regions highway construction funds, bond funds, local self-financing-work funds, bank loans, etc.; 13 billion yuan in railway construction funds, the main source Ministry of Railways for the construction funds, state bonds and bank loans and other funds; civil aviation construction funds 1.8 billion, the main source of funding for civil aviation construction funds, state bonds and bank loans and other funds and local self.
5, accelerate the development of Xinjiang integrated transport measures
(1) on the highway, rail and airport infrastructure, such as traffic classification guide, classified building. According to the nature of transportation construction projects, location, state and municipal levels of economic development, population, natural resources, transportation infrastructure status quo, and the development potential of development goals such factors as comprehensive analysis, transport infrastructure projects will be divided into "business projects" "public welfare projects" and "general project" three types of investment guidance classification policies, and speed up the construction of transport infrastructure pace.
(B) in the current fiscal to not touch the Xinjiang branch circumstances, relying solely on local Jiaotongguibi income has been difficult to secure conventional development, let alone accelerate the development and unconventional development. Xinjiang transportation infrastructure construction should continue to apply for the strong support of countries, play an active role in the main body of investment.
(C) bring into full play the role of the market and tap the capital market infrastructure in transportation funds. In the distribution of traffic construction bonds, stock and transfer the right to operate transport infrastructure areas such as policy formulation actively encouraged by the development of the west favorable opportunity, I integrated transportation projects, in particular the operation of transportation projects, financing through the capital market to a large number the construction funds.
(D) Expansion of the use of foreign capital. Positive for countries in the use of foreign investment in transport construction, to increase our region tilt and increase its use of foreign governments in our region grants, loans and loans from international financial institutions lines.
(5) actively sought in the national tariff policy to our region more support, and practice preferential pricing policy. Access to the region in order to reduce the cost of transportation of goods, to the eastern areas complementary to establish healthy relations.
(6) further deepen the reforms, establish a perfect transport market system. Actively promote the reform of the management system, to achieve "separation of government and business," and establish a modern enterprise system. Actively promote the transport market process, the establishment of the "market access" mechanism, and the transformation of government functions. Economic construction
2006 economic data: 301.898 billion yuan of GDP per capita GDP 14,871 yuan in total fixed asset investment 156.705 billion yuan total volume of retail sales of social consumer goods import and export of 72.759 billion yuan total 9.103 billion US dollars of foreign direct investment actually used 104 million US dollars of goods transport volume 114.381 billion tonne-kilometres Passenger Transport volume 49.634 billion people km number 16610000 domestic tourism trips 14.91 billion yuan of domestic tourism income 362,500 foreign tourists passengers travel 128 million US dollars of foreign exchange earnings all calibre 48.475 billion yuan of fiscal revenue the local revenue income of 26.558 billion yuan general budget 21.939 billion yuan places 72.758 billion yuan of financial expenditure general budget expenditures 67.979 billion yuan of deposits in financial institutions 404.078 billion yuan balance of the loan balance of 241.269 billion yuan Products resources in Xinjiang Xinjiang has a vast area, suitable climate, complex and diverse topography and soil, thus not only beautiful scenery, abundant resources and specialty products. In the mountains and mountains, deserts and oases, with endless "granary", "meat stores," and "oil basin," and "sea of coal." Premier Zhou Enlai lifetime Xinjiang praise for the motherland, "a treasure-house." In a piece of "paradise", with nearly 3.31 million hectares of arable land, more than 10 million hectares of reclamation to. Xinjiang long sunshine, light, and heat is rich in resources, the temperature difference between day and night, water resources than adequate. These are the development of agriculture has provided good conditions. Xinjiang food crops to wheat, corn, rice is staple, can be planted in most parts of the whole, the total area sown area of grain crops accounted for more than 90 per cent. Ili Valley in a mild climate, more rain, fertile land and a better-wheat growth, known as the "breadbasket of Xinjiang," said. Xinjiang's rice 1950s have great development, Aksu, Miquan, such as the high-quality rice such as Jie Chi-chu, quality small onions. Food crops in Xinjiang, there are sorghum, barley, millet, soybeans, peas, beans, etc. swallow. Xinjiang has a long history of economic crops, and a wide range of products such as cotton, oilseeds, sugar beet, hemp, tobacco, medicine, Cocoon, especially of the Xinjiang cotton quality and nationally known, in 1998, 1.375 million tons of cotton output. In the country, almost one third of the world Habitat, become the country's leading cotton producing areas. Manas Beijiang River Basin and the Turpan Basin and the southern border of the vast region is concentrated cotton production. Higher economic value of the growth environment, farming measures demanding long-staple cotton (also known as sea-island cotton), also in Xinjiang is a vast range of suitable plant, its acreage and yield and quality are the best in the world. Xinjiang also has the advantages of beet cultivation, sugar beet produced by the high-yield, sugar content, is the focus of China's northern district of sugar production. 1960s began the cultivation area of Xinjiang Hops, and the total area now not only among the best in the country, and yield and quality also ranking first in the country. Therefore, Xinjiang Hops has become China's domestic and foreign trade exports and the main source. Cocoon production had reached 3,800 tons, an increase when New China was founded 75 times. Vegetable crops quite rich Xinjiang, covering over 20,000 hectares, the output reached 2.9 million tons, the major city in the winter vegetables self-sufficiency rate of 70%. Some vegetables are famous, such as Qitai, Urumqi County Dabancheng area white garlic, sold each year in Hong Kong and other places. Qitai, Mulei, Jimusaer, Urumqi, and other counties potatoes, a big quality, a large number transferred to the fraternal provinces. Korla, Changji ketchup domestic exports, demand. 1998 to a total of more than 40 enterprises of more than 50 products have clean, pollution free food signs. Xinjiang has been called the "Home of melons," said. Because of the climate here of fruits and sugar on the manufacture and accumulation are very favorable. As a result, produced by the Special Commissioner of fruits and refreshing. According to the survey, Xinjiang is China's melon growing larger, and variety and quality tops the forefront of the region, tens of thousands of担an annual output of fresh fruit. The melons are common in Xinjiang grapes, melons (Melon), watermelon, apple, pear, apricot, peach, pomegranate, cherries, figs, walnut, almond, fine varieties of as many as several hundred. Turpan denuclearization of the white grapes, Shanshan of Hami melons, the Korla Pear, Kuqa of Boxing, Artux the fig, Kashi cherry, walnut, peach-skin, the Yecheng pomegranates, pears flag set Hotan of peach, apple, such as Yili, enjoy good reputation. Xinjiang raisins, Hami melons, Pear is selling goods to international markets. Xinjiang is one of China's five major pastoral areas, livestock operators have a long history. The whole area of grassland has 57.333 million hectares, ranking the country's second. Tianshan Mountains in the north and south 48 million hectares of natural pastures, the size of livestock All the hills to a maximum of a sheep, followed by cattle, horses, goats, donkeys, camels, mules, such as yak. Xinjiang's livestock breeds are well-known throughout the country in Xinjiang fine-wool sheep, Altay-tailed sheep, Xinjiang Yili Milk Landrace and the use of cattle and other meat. In recent years, various parts of Xinjiang continuous improvement, breeding livestock and the introduction of new improved varieties, an indicator of this leading position in the nation, animal husbandry production with rapid development. In addition to meet the needs of the district, every year a large number of cattle, sheep, horses, donkeys to the Mainland. Developed animal husbandry, providing people with a lot of skin, hair, cashmere, sausage, butter, butter, powdered milk and other animal products. Many cheap and animal products and processed products sold in domestic and foreign markets. China's western Xinjiang to the natural forests in major areas of drought, widespread forest in the mountains, plains and the northwest area of the total forest area in the nearly 1 / 3. Tianshan Mountains and Altay mountain covered with lush forests, to do more to straighten the trunk snowy mountains filled the Siberian larch and spruce, conifers, such as Parkinson construction Liangcai. These mountain coniferous timber reserves account for the whole of the total volume of timber more than 97%. Tarim River, the river Manas rivers, such as the Taiwan Strait, is the distribution of plain forest areas. In the Tarim basin, with numerous world-famous precious species Populus euphratica and gray Yang, which is a wide range of uses of timber, but also the depths of the desert windbreaks. Xinjiang main tree species are Topol, willow, elm, ash, maple, locust tree, the white pine, Elaeagnus angustifolia, Mulberry and more than 60 kinds of fruit trees, mostly native trees in Xinjiang, a minority or from the Mainland the introduction of foreign species of fine sticks. In recent years, Xinjiang's rural and urban greening and afforestation campaign carried out, the rows, a film of shelter, by-products, firewood forest, and vertical and horizontal overlap, the Green Beisensen, ancient towns, brings added time immemorial wilderness. Has been fully completed by the world hailed as the Green Great Wall Three-North Shelterbelt one, the second phase project of construction tasks. The whole city green coverage rate reached 24 percent, the Ministry of Construction in nine cities to the provisions of the city green standards.

Xinjiang mainly metal and mineral resources in Xinjiang all types of minerals, reserves, the development prospects are bright. Found that there are currently 138 kinds of mineral, including nine kinds of minerals rank first in the entire country, 32 Habitat Northwest region first. Oil, natural gas, coal, gold, chromium, copper, nickel and precious metals, mineral salts, non-metallic materials such as rich. Xinjiang's oil resources in the 20.86 billion tons of oil resources in the land of the 30 percent of natural gas resources to 10.3 trillion cubic meters, accounting for land-based natural gas resources in the country to 34 per cent. Xinjiang's oil and gas exploration and development potential is huge and the prospects are substantial. Coal resources of the whole forecast 2.19 trillion tons, accounting for 40 per cent of the country. Gold, precious stones, jade, and other resources on a wide range of well-known ancient and modern. Colleges and Universities
Xinjiang University, Shihezi University in Xinjiang Agricultural University, the University of Xinjiang Tarim Basin in Xinjiang Normal University Institute of the Arts, University of Finance and Economics in Xinjiang Yili College Teachers College, Kashi, Xinjiang University in Urumqi, Xinjiang University occupational Petroleum Institute Karamay, Xinjiang Agricultural Vocational and Technical College Vocational and Technical Vocational Institute in Xinjiang Institute of the University of Changji, Xinjiang Tianshan career Xinjiang Institute of Technology traffic police in Xinjiang Institute of Vocational and Technical College in Xinjiang Light Industry Vocational and Technical College.
Motor vehicle licence
A Urumqi City Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture B C D Kuitun city Shihezi City E F Bortala Mongol Autonomous Prefecture of Yili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture Territory counties, county-level cities (Yining in the original) G Tacheng and Altay region in H J K Karamay City, Turpan Hami area in L M N Bayingolin Mongolia Autonomous Prefecture in Aksu Prefecture Kezilesu Kirgiz Autonomous Prefecture P Q R Hotan region in Kashi Prefecture.